Beijing Luan
Growth habits:
Beijing Luan tree is a light-loving, slightly tolerant plant; cold tolerant; but not tolerant to flooding. Pay attention to the soil when planting. It is resistant to drought and barrenness, and has strong adaptability to the environment. It likes to grow in calcareous soil, resistant to salt and short-term water waterlogging. Beijing Luan tree has deep roots, strong sprouting ability, medium growth rate, young tree growth is slower, and faster in the future, with strong resistance to smoke and dust.
Main features:
11-18 leaflets (terminal leaflets sometimes connate with the upper pair of leaflets below the middle), sessile or very short stalk, opposite or alternate, papery, ovate, broad-ovate to ovate-lanceolate Shaped, 5-10 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, short tip or short acuminate at the top, blunt to sub-truncate at the base, irregular blunt serrations on the edge, small pointed ends of the teeth, and sometimes the teeth near the base are separated Notch-shaped, or pinnately deeply divided into the middle ribs to form a bipinnate compound leaf. only the middle veins are scattered with pubescent hairs on the upper part, and the lower part is bearded in the vein axils, and sometimes the underside of the leaflets is hairy.
The cyme is 25-40 cm long, densely puberulent, and the branches are long and wide. The cyme on the last branch has 3-6 flowers, densely head-shaped; bracts narrowly lanceolate , With small coarse hairs; flowers light yellow, slightly fragrant; pedicel length 2.5-5 mm; calyx lobes ovate, margins with glandular ciliate, eroded; petals 4, reflexed outwards when flowering, linear oblong Shape, 5-9 mm long, 1-2.5 mm long claws, pilose, scales at the base of the petals are yellow at first, orange-red at flowering, jagged and deeply divided, warty-curved hairs; stamens 8 pieces, 7-9 mm long in male flowers, 4-5 mm long in female flowers, the lower half of the filaments are densely covered with white, spreading pilose; the disc is oblique, with round and obtuse small lobes; the ovary is three-sided Shape, glabrous except ciliate on the edges, degenerate ovary densely covered with small coarse hairs.
Capsules are conical, with 3 edges, 4-6 cm long, acuminate at the top, ovate petals, reticulated outside, smooth and slightly shiny inside; seeds subglobose, 6-8 mm in diameter. Flowering period from June to August, fruiting period from September to October.
Planting requirements:
Seed reproduction. The fruits of Beijing Luanshu mature in September to October. Choose good single plants with good growth, straight stem shape, open crown and full fruit, as the seed-harvesting mother tree. Collect them in time when the fruit is reddish brown or orange and the capsule has not cracked, otherwise it will fall off by itself. But it is not advisable to harvest too early, otherwise the seed germination rate will be low.
After the fruit is collected, the peel and stalks should be removed, and they should be dried in the sun or spread out in the shade. After the capsules are cracked, they should be beaten and threshed, and the seeds should be cleaned by screening. The seeds are black, round and spherical, with a diameter of about 0.6cm, a seed rate of about 20%, a thousand-grain weight of about 150g, and a germination rate of 60% to 80%.
Cutting seedlings. Collection of cuttings: After the fall leaves of the trees, combined with 1-year-old seedlings and stubble, collect the trunks with a base diameter of 0.5 to 2 cm as seed strips, or collect the sprouting stems and long branches of the perennial Beijing Luan tree for seed strips. Bundle while collecting. After finishing, immediately bury it with wet soil or wet sand so that it does not lose moisture and is ready for cutting.
Cutting cuttings: Take out the buried cuttings and cut them into small sections of about 15 cm. The upper cut is flat cut, 1.5cm away from the bud, the lower cut is cut near the bud, and the lower cut is cut diagonally. Winter storage of cuttings: The location of winter storage should be a shady place that is not easy to accumulate water. The depth of the trench is about 80cm. The width and length of the trench depend on the cuttings. Spread a layer of wet sand with a depth of about 2 to 3 cm on the bottom of the ditch, and place the cuttings vertically in the sand ditch. Note that the leaf buds are in the upward direction, placed in a single layer, and then covered with 50-60cm thick wet sand. Cuttings: The cutting soil should be rich in humus, loose soil, aerated, good water retention loamy soil, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer. The cutting soil is ready in autumn, deep plowing, leveling and fine cutting, and cuttings in the spring of the following year. The row spacing is 30cm×50cm, first punch with a wooden stick, insert straight, and the cuttings show 1 to 2 buds. Manage after insertion. Maintain soil moisture, properly build shade shelters and apply nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, and perform proper irrigation and top dressing. When the seedlings are hardened, control water and fertilizer to promote lignification.