Nutritional feed additives are mainly vitamin additives, trace element additives and amino acid additives.
(l) vitamin additives: pig on the vitamin requirements are small, but its role is extremely important, mainly to maintain the body's normal metabolism. Vitamin A mainly regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and protects the skin and mucous membranes. Vitamin D mainly regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Vitamin E promotes gonadal development and reproductive function. Vitamin K can promote the formation of prothrombin , With the role of hemostasis; vitamin B2 can improve the utilization of plant protein; choline has the role of prevention and treatment of fatty liver; vitamin C can increase the resistance to disease infection, reduce the body's stress response.
(2) trace element additives: pig trace elements are mainly copper, zinc, iron, manganese, iodine, cobalt, molybdenum, selenium, chromium and other elements. These elements have a comprehensive function of regulating the body's metabolism, promoting growth and development, improving carcass quality, enhancing disease resistance and improving feed conversion.
(3) amino acid additives: amino acids are the main components of protein synthesis of pigs. Pig essential amino acids are lysine, methionine, tryptophan and threonine more than 10 species. The main role of adding amino acids is to make up for the lack of amino acids in feed, so that other amino acids are fully utilized, thus saving a lot of soybean meal (meal) and fish meal and other high-quality protein feed, reduce feeding costs.
Non-nutritive feed additives are mainly health-promoting additives, feed quality protection additives and product quality improvement additives.
(1) health-promoting additives: Such additives can inhibit the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms, improve some physiological processes in pigs, improve feed utilization, promote pig growth, increase the economic benefits of pig. Mainly including antibiotic additives and various growth promoters.
(2) feed quality protection additives: some of the ingredients in the feed due to exposure to the air is easy to be oxidized, or in high temperature, humidity, easy to degenerate, usually in the feed to add some antioxidants, mildew preservatives, Effectively protect the quality of feed. At present, the antioxidants are mainly used to oxygen-chi lin, dibutylhydroxytoluene, vitamin C, vitamin E and so on. Anti-mildew preservatives are propionic acid, sodium propionate and citric acid, sodium citrate and so on.
(3) product quality improvement additives: in the production of pig is mainly used to promote the growth of lean meat additives. Such as "lean meat", can improve the carcass lean meat rate, improve pork quality, reduce feeding costs.
(4) new feed additives: mildew non-toxic, no residue, no side effects, is a good new growth-type feed additives, commonly used are amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, phytase; Ecological agents are bio-high-tech growth-promoting additives, commonly used mainly Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium and yeast; Chinese herbal medicine with its unique anti-parasite mechanism of action, does not produce resistance and resistance Medicinal, and long-term use, such as licorice, astragalus, garlic, hawthorn, etc .; organic acids are fumaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, etc .; in recent years found and successfully developed new feed additives are betaine, , Medical stone, rare earth and unknown factors.