The pruning of garden seedlings from after germination to the period before the growth of new shoots or auxiliary shoots ceases is called growing period pruning. Pruning during the growth period, if a large number of branches and leaves are cut off, it will have a certain impact on the appearance of the seedlings, especially the flowers and fruit trees, so light pruning is recommended. For trees with strong branching ability, if you want to cultivate an upright main stem on the basis of pruning during dormancy, a large number of new shoots near the top of the main stem must be short-cut. The purpose is to control their growth, adjust and assist the growth and direction of the main stem. . The pruning of flower and fruit trees and street trees mainly controls the occurrence and growth of competing branches, inner branches, upright branches, and elongated branches in order to concentrate nutrients for the vigorous growth of backbone branches. The growth period pruning of hedges (gold leaf elm) and grass flowers is mainly to keep them neat and beautiful, and the cut twigs can be used as cuttings.
The pruning method can be summarized as "cutting, thinning, wounding, changing, releasing", etc., which can be used flexibly according to the purpose of pruning.
Truncation is to cut off part of the current or annual branches. The main purpose is to stimulate the side buds under the cut to germinate, shoot new shoots, increase the number of branches, so that more leaves and more flowers. It is the most commonly used method for pruning garden seedlings. The degree of short cut affects the growth of branches, the heavier the short cut, the greater the stimulation of the growth of single branches. According to the degree of stubbing, it can be divided into the following types: light stubbing cuts only a small number of branches of annual branches, generally the top tip of light cuts (cut off 1/4-1/3 of the total length of the branches). Mainly used for pruning strong branches of flower and fruit seedlings or grass flowers. After removing the top tips of the branches, it stimulates the germination of most semi-full buds in the lower part, disperses the nutrients of the branches and promotes the production of a large number of short branches. These short branches are generally easy to form flower buds.
Cut the middle short cut to the middle of the branch to the middle and upper part of the full bud (cut off 1/3-1/2 of the full length of the branch). Because the cutting buds are strong and strong, the nutrients are relatively concentrated, which stimulates its more vigorous vegetative branches. After cutting, it forms more medium and long branches. It has high branching ability and strong growth potential. It is mainly used for the rejuvenation of some weak branches and backbone Cultivation of branches and extended branches.
Cut heavy short cuts to the half-full buds at the bottom of the branches. Since most of the branches are cut off (2/3-3/4 of the total length of the branches), the local stimulation is great, and the total growth of the plant is greatly affected. After cutting, there are few lateral branches that germinate, but due to nutrition The supply is sufficient, and strong nutrient branches are generally sprouted. Mainly used for the rejuvenation of weak trees, old trees, and old weak branches.
The very heavy short cut leaves only 1-2 unsatisfied buds at the base of the spring shoots, and cut off the rest. After that, 1-2 weak branches will sprout, which are generally used for competitive branch treatment or reduction of branch positions.
Retraction is also called shrinking shear, which is about cutting off a part of perennial branches. When the growth potential of seedlings or branches is weakened, some branches begin to droop, and the middle and lower parts of the crown appear bald, in order to improve the light conditions and promote the growth of new branches to restore the tree vigor or branch vigor, this pruning method is commonly used.
Thinning is also called thinning or thinning, which cuts off the branches from the branches without retaining the buds at the base. Thinning can adjust the uniform distribution of branches, increase the space, improve the ventilation and light conditions, and is beneficial to the growth and development of the internal branches of the plant and the differentiation of flower buds. The main objects of thinning are diseased branches, damaged branches, dense branches in the inner chamber, dry and dead branches, parallel branches, dense cross branches, and weak drooping.