The carbon emissions of the cement industry mainly come from fuel combustion emissions and process emissions. In the cement production process, carbon dioxide emissions from the decomposition of raw materials carbonate accounted for about 60-70%. Cement industry carbon emissions are closely related to clinker production. The carbon emissions of China's cement industry from 2009 to 2020 are shown in Figure 1. Over the past ten years, with the increase in cement clinker production, the carbon emissions of China's cement industry have gradually increased from 971 million tons to 1.375 billion tons. With the improvement of the utilization level of resources and energy in my country's cement industry and the application of advanced technologies for energy saving and consumption reduction, it is strictly forbidden to implement new production capacity, capacity reduction replacement, mergers, joint reorganization, and normalized staggered production. , The use of comprehensive standards such as environmental protection, quality, energy, technology, and safety to promote the elimination of backward production capacity, the cement industry has a tendency to gradually reach its peak carbon emissions during the transition from the 13th Five-Year Plan to the 14th Five-Year Plan.
Given that clinker output is the biggest factor affecting carbon emissions in the cement industry, it is predicted that cement clinker output will reach the peak consumption and output during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. The annual clinker output is expected to be around 1.4 to 1.6 billion tons. about 2.2-24 billion tons. It is expected that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, on the basis of continuing to reduce production capacity, eliminate backward and consolidate capacity reduction, the carbon peak can be achieved ahead of schedule, and the annual carbon emissions of the cement industry will drop after approximately 1.45 billion tons.
At present, there are three channels for carbon emission reduction in the cement industry, namely, technical emission reduction, relative emission reduction, and emission reduction combined with marketization and industrial policies.
The first is technical emission reduction, that is, carbon emission reduction through methods such as improving processes, strengthening production management, using alternative raw fuels, waste heat for power generation, improving clinker quality, and product qualification rate. At present, low-carbon energy-saving technologies in China's cement industry mainly include cement kiln co-processing waste technologies (such as the disposal of municipal sludge, municipal waste, and waste incineration fly ash and other hazardous wastes), and alternative raw fuel technologies (such as biomass fuels, etc.). Energy-saving vertical mill technology, energy-saving fan technology, energy-saving roller mill grinding technology, energy-efficient clinker burning technology, combustion system improvement technology (such as multi-channel high-efficiency burner, coal-burning catalyst, etc.), high-efficiency clinker grate cooler technology , Low-temperature waste heat power generation technology, cement kiln energy-saving monitoring optimization and energy efficiency management technology, etc. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the cement industry has increased the application of energy-saving, consumption-reducing and emission-reduction technologies. According to statistics, major key cement projects (including new materials and other industrial chain strong chain supplementary projects, intelligent, There are more than 200 green, service-oriented, and high-end technological transformation projects), with a total investment of about 59 billion yuan, exceeding the profit of the entire industry in 2016. At present, Conch Group has built the world's first cement kiln flue gas carbon dioxide capture and purification environmental protection demonstration project, which converts the flue gas carbon dioxide in cement plants into carbon dioxide products, which can be used in industries, food, medicine and other fields. This kind of flue gas carbon dioxide capture and purification technology is included in the "Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalog (2019)" encouraged category, which belongs to the exploration of carbon neutrality in the industry by cement companies. In addition, TCC has also explored the application of carbon capture and biological carbon sequestration methods.
The second is relative emission reduction, that is, through the establishment of financial innovations such as the national carbon trading system, the vertical comparison between cement companies is broadened to the horizontal comparison between industries, and the competition for emission reduction within the industry is transferred to the emission reduction game between industries. In the next step, we will gradually strengthen efforts to address climate change and reduce carbon emissions, develop carbon emissions verification and supervision, carbon emissions allocation, national carbon emissions trading markets, carbon asset management, carbon taxes and carbon finance, and use carbon trading mechanisms to reduce carbon emissions. Forcing enterprises to innovate in technology and reduce the intensity of carbon emissions.
The third is the combination of marketization and industrial policies to reduce emissions, that is, through comprehensive standards to eliminate backward, off-peak production, reduction replacement and other means to reduce excess capacity to reduce carbon emissions. GB16780 "Cement Unit Product Energy Consumption Quota (Draft for Approval)" puts forward stricter limits on the comprehensive energy consumption per unit cement product, the comprehensive energy consumption per unit clinker product, the comprehensive electricity consumption and the comprehensive coal consumption quota, and the cement preparation section electricity consumption quota. Requirements. "Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Printing and Distributing the Catalogue of Preferential Value-Added Taxes on Products and Services for Comprehensive Utilization of Resources" (Caishui [2015] No. 78) and "Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation of the Ministry of Finance on Value-Added Tax Policies on Comprehensive Utilization of Resources" (Ministry of Finance) The State Administration of Taxation Announcement No. 90 of 2019) has strengthened the policy on the resource utilization of waste slag in cement and cement clinker. “More than 20% of the raw materials of cement of 42.5 and above come from the listed resources. Other cement and cement clinker More than 40% of the raw materials come from the listed resources; taxpayers meet the technical requirements specified in the "Cement Industry Air Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB4915-2013), and the tax rebate ratio is 70%". These standards and regulations have effectively promoted cement energy saving and consumption reduction, encouraged the substitution of raw fuels, etc., and supported carbon emission reduction efforts.
Staggered production and production capacity reduction replacement policies have become the two major policies for reducing excess cement production capacity. According to statistics, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the cement industry relied on the staggered production policy jointly promoted by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.72 billion tons and save more than 100 million tons of coal. In particular, at the end of 2020, the "Notice on Further Normalizing Cement Staggered Production" (Lianyuan [2020] No. 201 of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) was issued, which will become the most effective consolidation of capacity reduction achievements in the cement industry for a relatively long period of time. Industrial policies that consolidate the effects of carbon emission reduction.
Currently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology "Implementation Measures for Capacity Replacement in the Cement and Glass Industry (Revised Draft)" is seeking comments. The capacity reduction and replacement policy has been tightened, and the replacement ratio has been increased to effectively curb new capacity. At the same time, the capacity replacement policy is serious in terms of production capacity. In the case of surplus, it is conducive for enterprises to independently support advanced technology and high-level equipment, improve the overall industry’s energy saving and consumption reduction, green and low-carbon level, and promote technological progress, survival of the fittest and optimization of production capacity layout.
Promoting supply-side structural reforms, controlling and adjusting clinker output according to market demand, and consolidating the effectiveness of capacity reduction are the key to the cement industry's carbon peak in advance. In the next step, it is recommended to consolidate the effect of carbon emission reduction, achieve carbon peaks in advance, and promote carbon neutrality. The first is to strictly implement the industrial policies of normalized staggered production of cement and replacement of production capacity to reduce excess capacity, and in accordance with the "Guiding Opinions of the Sixteen Departments on the Use of Comprehensive Standards to Promote the Exit of Backward Production Capacity in accordance with Laws and Regulations" (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) 2017] No. 30) and the "Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalog (2019 Edition)", further strengthen supervision and inspection, and eliminate backward cement production capacity. The second is to further improve the strict standard system, strengthen the leading role of standards, accelerate the construction of green mines and green factories, strengthen market supervision, promote the industry to upgrade and transform, transform and upgrade, and force backward production capacity to withdraw. The third is to encourage cement companies to extend the industrial chain, use the agglomeration advantages of the cement industry to optimize resource allocation, and implement carbon emission reduction from the perspective of the optimization of the entire industrial chain. The fourth is to increase the application and policy support for digital and intelligent cement industry, energy saving, emission reduction, co-processing, and comprehensive utilization of resources.