DASGOO Cross-border e-commerce trading platform

Nitromethane is a colorless oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant pungent odor. Soluble in ethanol, ether and dimethylformamide, partly soluble in water. Used in organic synthesis, it can be used to synthesize pesticides such as chloropicrin, nitro alcohol, etc., it can also be used to prepare explosives, rocket fuel, medicine, dyes, pesticides and gasoline additives, etc., and can also be used as an organic solvent. Industrially, the preparation of nitromethane mainly includes two process routes: gas-phase nitration of methane and nitrite replacement. Gas-phase nitration of methane is the preferred method for producing nitromethane in areas with natural gas or methane-rich gas resources. Although the process route is more complicated, the raw materials are cheap and the products are competitive.

Preparation method of nitromethane

1. Gas phase nitration of methane:

Spray dilute nitric acid into a mist to vaporize it and mix it with preheated methane (natural gas) to maintain a certain proportion of nitric acid, methane, and water vapor. The mixed gas enters the pipeline reactor with molten salt as the heating medium, and is directly nitrated under normal pressure and 450-550℃. The reaction product is condensed and absorbed by water, and the obtained nitromethane aqueous solution is distilled to obtain crude nitromethane, which is then washed and rectified to obtain the finished product. Each ton of product consumes 5500kg of industrial grade nitric acid and 20,000m3 of natural gas (CH4>95%) (under standard conditions).

2. Reaction method of dimethyl sulfate and sodium nitrite:

Sodium nitrite and dimethyl sulfate are added to the reactor to react, and the reaction product is condensed, distilled, and cooled to obtain a finished product. In addition, it can also be prepared by reacting sodium nitrite with sodium chloroacetate and then heating. It is obtained by the reaction of nitrite and halogenated alkanes. In industry, other low-carbon alkanes (ethane, propane) can also be used for direct chlorine phase nitration, but the reaction product is a mixture of nitromethane, nitroethane, and nitropropane.

Application of nitromethane

1. It is mainly used as a polar solvent in adhesives. It can be miscible with many organic compounds and can dissolve cellulose derivatives, resins, dyes, oils, etc., especially for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, and polyacrylonitrile. , Polyester, wax products, etc. have good solubility.

2. Used as aerosol propellant, rocket fuel and manufacturing explosives, dyes, etc.

3. Used as solvent, rocket fuel, gasoline additive and used in organic synthesis.

4. Nitromethane has greater polarity and is miscible with many organic compounds. It is a good solvent and can be used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, vinyl resin, polyacrylate paint and beeswax, etc. . It can also be used to prepare explosives, rockets, fuels, medicines, dyes, pesticides, fungicides, stabilizers, surfactants and gasoline additives.

Preparation method and application of nitromethane