Soil preparation and fertilization: After the previous crops are harvested, deep plough as soon as possible, fully freeze and dry the land, smash and rake, and apply enough base fertilizer. Choose radish varieties according to the soil conditions. If the soil is deep, you can arrange large and deep varieties, and the depth of arable land should be more than 33 cm; if the soil is shallow, you can choose small and medium varieties with shallow depth of arable land. The depth of arable land is about 25 cm for medium-sized plants, and small Species about 15 cm. The cultivation method varies with the variety, soil quality, topography and local climatic conditions. Small and medium-sized radishes are cultivated in flat borders in places with little rain and good drainage, and large radishes have deep roots and large leaves, so they must be cultivated in high borders. In the Yangtze River Basin, deep trenches and high borders are often used for large or small radishes to facilitate irrigation and drainage. Generally, the border height is 20-27 cm, the border width is l-2 meters, and the groove width is 40 cm. The root system of radish is well-developed, and sufficient base fertilizer is needed. Before soil preparation, apply 100 tals of decomposed pig, cow dung and other farmyard manure, 25 kg of superphosphate, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer. After ploughing into the soil, rake and flatten the soil to make the soil loose and evenly broken, and the border surface is level. The seedlings of radish grow rapidly after being unearthed, and the seedlings should be in time. The principle is to thin the seedlings in the morning, thin the seedlings in stages, and fix the seedlings later. Early thinning of seedlings, small seedlings, will not damage the roots of the remaining seedlings when pulling out the seedlings; late setting of seedlings can reduce the lack of plants caused by the damage of certain stem borers compared with early setting of seedlings. Generally thinning 2-3 times in production. When the first true leaf is unfolded, the first thinning is carried out, and the seedlings damaged by diseases and insects and weak, germs, deformed seedlings and seedlings that do not have the characteristics of the original species are removed. The second thinning when there are 2-3 true leaves. In the "big broken belly", one strong seedling with the characteristics of the original variety is selected in each hole, which is the fixed seedling, and the rest is removed. The number of seedlings left is 4000-5000 for large and medium-sized varieties and 10,000 for small varieties. In the fertilizer and water management, it should be done: promote the healthy growth of leaves and absorbing roots in the early stage, and lay a material foundation for the expansion of fleshy roots in the later stage. When the nutrient grows to a certain level, it must be controlled to prompt the nutrient to be transported to the storage organs in time. During the rapid expansion of fleshy roots, it is necessary to ensure that the leaves have a longer life and strong viability, so that they can produce more nutrients and ensure the expansion of fleshy roots. Radishes have different requirements for moisture in different growth stages. There should be sufficient water during the germination period, and the effective water content of the soil should be above 80%, so that the germination is rapid and the seedlings emerge neatly. From the seedling stage to a period of time before the "breaking belly", water less to facilitate the squatting of the seedlings and promote the development of the root system to the depths of the soil. Appropriate watering should be used during the leaf growth period to ensure the development of the leaf. During the heyday of fleshy roots, adequate and even water supply should be provided to ensure that the soil is moist and prevent sudden dryness and dampness. At this time, if the water supply is insufficient, it will not only affect the swelling of fleshy roots, but also increase fibrous roots, rough texture, and lead to chaff heart. However, if the soil moisture is too much, it should be drained in time to prevent the occurrence of root rot. Watering time, in early spring when the temperature is low, it is better to water in the morning, and it is best to water in the evening to lower the ground temperature. Fertilization should be carried out according to the law of the nutrient element requirements of radishes during the growth period. Radishes with sufficient base fertilizer and short growth period can be applied with less topdressing; large species have long growth periods and high yields and require a large amount of fertilizer. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing in stages is also required. The general time and frequency of top dressing are: the first time when the seedlings give birth to 2 true leaves, thin human feces and urine are applied, the on-demand sowing is applied between the rows, and the sowing is fully watered; the second is the second thinning After cultivating, apply topdressing with a concentration of 20%; when it is "big broken belly", topdressing with a concentration of 30% human feces and urine, plus 5 kg of superphosphate and potassium sulfate per mu. After applying topdressing for three times for medium and small radishes, the radishes quickly swelled, and topdressing is no longer necessary. Large autumn and winter radishes need to be topdressed with 7.5-20 kg of sulfuric acid per acre when they are "strapless" to meet the needs of vigorous root growth. Topdressing human feces and fertilizers, avoid excessive concentration and too close to the roots, so as not to burn the roots.