Application skills
Water soluble fertilizer has obvious advantages in improving fertilizer utilization rate, saving agricultural water, reducing ecological environment pollution, improving crop quality and reducing labor force. However, the following fertilization techniques shall be mastered in combination with its characteristics:
1、 Avoid direct injection and adopt secondary dilution
The nutrient content of water-soluble fertilizer is higher than that of general compound fertilizer, and the dosage is relatively small. Direct flushing application is very easy to burn seedlings, damage roots and weaken seedlings. Secondary dilution is not only conducive to uniform application of fertilizer, but also improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.
2、 Small amount of multiple application
Because water-soluble fertilizer has strong quick availability and is difficult to be retained in the soil for a long time, small amount and multiple times are the most important fertilization principle, which is in line with the characteristics of continuous nutrient absorption by plant roots and reduces the leaching loss caused by large amount of one-time fertilization. Generally, the dosage per mu is 3-6kg each time.
3、 Pay attention to nutrient balance
Water soluble fertilizer is generally applied by watering, spraying, or mixing it into water, together with irrigation (drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation). It should be reminded that when applying fertilizer by drip irrigation, due to the dense and large amount of crop root growth, the dependence on soil nutrient supply is reduced and more depends on the nutrients provided by drip irrigation. If the formula of water-soluble fertilizer is unbalanced, it will affect crop growth. In addition, water-soluble fertilizer must not be applied with traditional irrigation methods such as flood irrigation or running water irrigation, so as to avoid fertilizer waste and uneven application.
4、 Combined application
Water soluble fertilizer is quick acting fertilizer, which can only be used as topdressing. Especially in conventional agricultural production, water-soluble fertilizer can not replace other conventional fertilizers. It is necessary to combine base fertilizer with top dressing, organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, and water-soluble fertilizer with conventional fertilizer, so as to reduce the cost and give full play to the advantages of various fertilizers.
5、 Try to use alone or mixed with non alkaline pesticides
When vegetables have element deficiency or poor root growth, many farmers mostly use the method of spraying water-soluble fertilizer to alleviate it. It is reminded that water-soluble fertilizer should be applied alone or mixed with non alkaline pesticides as far as possible to avoid precipitation caused by metal ions, resulting in leaf fertilizer or drug damage.
6、 Avoid excessive irrigation
When the main purpose of irrigation is fertilization, the root layer can be deeply wet. The root layer depth of different crops varies greatly. You can dig the soil at any time with a shovel to understand the specific depth of the root layer. Excessive irrigation not only wastes water, but also leaching nutrients below the root layer, which can not be absorbed by crops and wastes fertilizer. In particular, urea and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer in water-soluble fertilizer (such as potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, nitrophosphate fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen) are easy to lose with water.
7、 Prevent surface salt accumulation
Drip irrigation and fertilization in greenhouse or greenhouse for a long time will cause surface salt accumulation and affect root growth. Drip irrigation under film can be used to inhibit salt migration to the surface.