First, timely sowing
Before sowing, you must first select seeds. You must choose large garlic, hard garlic, fresh color, and disease-free large petals for seeding. In order to prevent pests and diseases, the seeds must be mixed with seeds or soaked. Sowing can be divided into trench sowing or hole sowing. The sowing depth is maintained at about 5-6 cm. After sowing, the top of the petals is covered with 2-3 cm. Planting density varies according to the variety. Generally, 3 to 35,000 plants are planted per acre, and the plant spacing is controlled at about 8-9 cm, while the row spacing is about 20 cm. Although proper density can increase yield, too dense planting will not only use a large amount of seeds, but also lead to a small garlic and a low commodity grade, so it is within the appropriate dense planting range. Small garlic varieties can be densely planted, and large garlic varieties can be appropriately thinned.
Management before wintering
Under suitable climate conditions, garlic can usually emerge in about one week after sowing. In the seedling stage, watering should be controlled, especially with plastic film cover. One watering can ensure the whole seedling. Check the seedlings frequently during the emergence period, and timely break the membrane after emergence to avoid high temperature burns under the membrane. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, you need to chase the seedling fertilizer once a month after emergence to promote the growth of the seedlings. In this case, no top dressing is required. Frozen water should be poured once before the soil is frozen to make it safe for winter.
Third, fertilization
The root of garlic is a whisker root, without a main root. Its root group is mainly distributed in the soil layer of 10-25 cm. It is a shallow root system with less root hairs and weak absorption. It is suitable for growing in loose, fertile, breathable, water and fertility In strong neutral or slightly acidic soil, avoid continuous cropping with onion and garlic vegetables. Before planting, you must first apply sufficient base fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be a fully-fermented organic fertilizer. Generally, 4000-5000 kg per mu is applied, and the soil is deep-cultivated after application of 20-30 cm. Rake it flat again.
Fourth, disease prevention
1.Garlic leaf blight
1.1 onset characteristics
Leaf blight is mainly harmful to garlic leaves, and the onset of the disease begins at the leaf tip or other parts of the leaf. It appeared as small white dots at first, and then expanded into irregular or oval gray-white or gray-brown lesions. Black molds appeared on the upper part. In severe cases, the diseased leaves all died, and many small black particles were scattered on it. When the damage is serious, the whole plant does not smoke.
1.2, regularity
The pathogens overwinter with the hyphae or ascus shells in the soil left by the diseased body or on the garlic. In the next year, the ascospores caused the initial infection under suitable conditions, and the diseased conidia were re-infected.
1.3 Prevention methods
① Before sowing, add new high-fat film for seed dressing and soaking. Peel garlic with 50% carbendazim wettable powder. Use 0.3% of the weight of garlic seeds for seed dressing.
② Non-continuous cropping, replanting other vegetables, timely clean up, burn or bury the diseased plants to reduce the source of bacteria.
③ Strengthen field management. Reasonable fertilization, reasonable dense planting, timely ditching and drainage, and lowering temperature to enhance plant disease resistance.
④ Prophylaxis and prevention should be carried out in time at the beginning of the disease. Available 70% ethyl phosphine aluminum manganese zinc wettable powder 500-700 times, once every 7-10 days, continuous control 2-3 times.
2. Epidemic
2.1 Symptoms
The leaves are water-stained gray-green from the tip of the leaf, as if scalded, and the mottled surface is mottled. The boundary between the disease and the healthy part is not obvious. The lesion is generally not obvious.
2.2, regularity
Pathogens overwinter in the diseased body with mycelium, oospores, and thick spores. Generally, the disease is prone to occur by rainwater splashing and irrigation water spreading through the stomata, and in rainy weather or low-lying, poorly drained plantations.
2.3 Prevention methods
① Choose disease-resistant varieties according to local conditions.
② Strengthen fertilizer and water management to improve plant resistance.
③ Spray as early as possible for prevention, use 70% 1000 times solution of ethylphosphine, aluminum, manganese and zinc, or cream epidemic clonal.