Synthetic detergent is the most important kind of synthetic detergent, and its output accounts for 70-90% of the total synthetic detergent output. Its excellent performance, easy to use, rich source of raw materials, low prices, loved by the masses.
1. The formula and production of three commonly used washing powders. For these three groups of formulas, any one of them can be mixed and mixed according to weight percentage, and packed separately in plastic bags, which are simply formulated synthetic washing powders and can be sold. The configuration of each group is as follows:
Formulation 1: 11% sodium alkylaryl sulfonate, 40% trisodium phosphate, 5% sodium silicate, 35% sodium sulfate, 1% carboxymethylcellulose, 8% sodium tallow fatty acid sodium, and 0.03% fluorescent agent.
Formulation 2: 19% sodium alkylaryliodate, 40% trisodium phosphate, 5% sodium silicate, 35% sulfuric acid, 1% carboxymethyl cellulose, and 0.03% fluorescent agent.
Formulation 3: 30% sodium alkylaryl sulfonate, 25% sodium silicate, 20% sodium sulfate, 25% sodium hexametaphosphate.
2. As can be seen from the formulas of the above three commonly used washing powders, the main raw material of synthetic washing powders is surfactants. After adding different additives, various washing powders with different properties can be produced. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the performance of various raw materials used in the production of washing powder in order to choose the appropriate mix ratio to produce different types of washing powder with the required performance and quality standards.
The surfactants used in detergent are mainly sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol sodium sulfate, etc .; builders include sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium silicate, soda ash, sodium sulfate, borax, carboxymethyl Cellulose, foam promoter, foam stabilizer, fluorescent whitening agent, enzyme preparation, perfume and pigment.
(1) Sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate is the main component of laundry powder, and its performance is relatively comprehensive. The washing powder made from it has good color, fluidity, and foam, emulsification, wetting, and detergency in water. . At present, refined alkylbenzene has good quality; crude alkylbenzene has poor quality; deoiled alkylbenzene has middle quality. General washing powders use refined alkylbenzene.
(2) Sodium alkyl sulfonate can be used in alkaline, neutral, and weak acid properties. It has good wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, foaming, and decontamination ability in hard water. The disadvantage is the decontamination of the laundry powder. The power to carry dirt is worse than soap.
(3) Sodium tripolyphosphate is also called "pentasodium". It is the most important builder in laundry powders, and its amount is sometimes larger than that of surfactants. It has amazing dispersing and peptizing effects and can improve the performance of dirt. Suspension ability to prevent dirt from re-depositing on the fabric; its aqueous solution is weakly alkaline, which is good for removing acidic dirt on clothes; its low hygroscopicity can keep the laundry powder with good fluidity and granularity, which can prevent laundry Powder absorbs moisture and agglomerates.
(4) Sodium silicate is commonly known as soda alkaloid or water glass. It can be mutually tuned in the detergent powder additive. It has a good effect on the suspension, peptization and foam stability of the detergent, and it is beneficial to the batching operation.
(5) Soda ash can be saponified with fatty dirt to remove the dirt, and has good adsorption performance and promotes foam generation. However, if the amount of soda ash is too large, it can easily irritate the skin and damage silk and wool protein fiber fabrics, and damage cotton and linen textiles. Not big. It can reduce the damage to the fabric if it is used with phytophylline.
(6) There are two kinds of sodium sulfate used in washing powder: anhydrous sodium sulfate (yuanming powder or refined thenardite) and crystalline thenardite. It is used as a filler and auxiliary detergent in washing powder. It has the advantages of decontamination and reducing the consistency of slurry. The function of stirring, conveying and preventing agglomeration, the content in the washing powder varies with different types of washing powder.
(7) Anti-reprecipitation is to prevent dirt from re-precipitating on the fabric. The main varieties are carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch, gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc. Among them, carboxymethyl cellulose is the most widely used. In washing powder, in addition to preventing the redeposition of dirt, it can also maintain the softness of the fabric and play a role in wetting the fabric and foam.
(8) The commonly used foam accelerator and foam stabilizer is alkane alcohol amide (niol), which can stabilize the foam, promote thick, fine and rich foam, and improve the decontamination ability of laundry powder. .
(9) Fluorescent whitening agent is a colorless or slightly yellow with fluorescent dye, which can be adsorbed by the fabric's fibers in water. The washing powder commonly used in Shanghai is "Jingjin No. 31" and "Jingjin No. 4". Brightener.
(10) Slurry conditioner is used to adjust the viscosity of the slurry, increase the solubility, fluidity and total solids content of the slurry, facilitate transportation and dusting, and have a effect on the stability of product quality and the increase of yield. Common slurry conditioning agents are sodium tosylate, and sodium xylene sulfonate is generally added during the milling process.
(11) Adding enzyme preparations to laundry powder can remove all kinds of blood stains, milk stains and dirt caused by gravy, milk, sauces, etc. on the fabric, but the enzymes used must be alkaline resistant and have high vitality. It should be light in color and resistant to storage and can be mixed with detergent actives. At present, the most widely used is that alkaline protease cannot be directly added to the washing powder slurry, but is protected by adding some non-ionic active materials, dried and granulated, and then mixed with washing powder to make products.
(12) A small amount of perfume is added to the washing powder, which can make the perfume have scent when washing, and leave the fabric fragrant. Most of the fragrances use artificial flavors. After diluting with alcohol, spray it into the dried powder. The general dosage is 0.05-0.1% of the powder weight.
(13) The pigment is used to make the washing powder with various pleasing colors, but the pigment used should be alkali resistant, good thermal stability, no pollution to the fabric, and no chemical reaction with other raw materials in the washing powder. Commonly used are blue that can interact with the true color of the laundry powder, such as beautiful blue, direct sun-resistant turquoise blue, etc., but also turquoise, red, soap yellow, and the material is generally 2-4g per ton.
In addition to the above raw materials, skin protection agents, rust inhibitors, fabric softeners, antioxidants, emulsifier stabilizers, etc. can be appropriately added to the laundry powder according to different uses.
3. The civilian laundry powder produced in our country generally uses sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate as the main active substance and is supplemented with other builders. For foreign laundry powder, the amount of sodium tripolyphosphate is relatively large.
The formula of civilian laundry powder produced in China is generally (weight percent): sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate 15-30, sodium alkyliodate 0-10, sodium tripolyphosphate 8-30, soda ash 0-12, sodium silicate (Dry) 5-8, sodium tosylate 0-3, carboxymethyl cellulose 1-1.5, sodium sulfate 18.5-52, fluorescent whitening agent 0.22-0.1, the so-called water content is generally 3.92-9.6, 100% .